大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案解析(5)
  part i writing (30 minutes)
  directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of "campus love" following the outline given below. you should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
  1. 校园情侣随处可见；
  2. 不同的人对校园恋爱现象不同的看法；
  3. 你对此事的观点。
  part ii listening comprehension (25 minutes)
  © section a
  directions: in this section, you will hear three news reports. at the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
  questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
  1. a) reflecting the trees' images.
  b) serving as a symbol of international friendship.
  c) serving as a most iconic site.
  d) preventing the potomac river from flooding.
  2. a) the original trees arrived at washington in 1800s.
  b) the original trees were bought from japan.
  c) most of the original trees were planted around the washington monument and the white house.
  d) the number of original cherry trees was over 3,000.
  questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
  3. a) 115 votes b) 209 votes c) 27 votes d) 182 votes
  4. a) he was appointed last year.
  b) he won a narrow victory over his rival.
  c) he promised to restore the scandal-hit fifa.
  d) he promised to clean up all the scandals.
  questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
  5. a) 20,000,000 b) 2,000,000 c) 200,000,000 d) 200,000
  6. a) 43 b) 5 c) 10 d) 5-10
  7. a) their ages must be between five and ten.
  b) they must be refugees from brazil.
  c) they must be verified as refugees by the un.
  d) they must march out to the opening ceremony.
  © section b
  directions: in this section, you will hear two long conversations. at the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
  • conversation one
  questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
  8. a) it is much cheaper and don't take a long time.
  b) she followed her daughters' request.
  c) she wanted to enjoy the scenery through the window.
  d) the train looks very nice.
  9. a) it is built with wood. b) there is a lot of cotton in it.
  c) there is a lake in front of the house. d) it is near a mountain.
  10. a) she was fishing around the lake. b) she was catching fishes in the lake.
  c) she was canoeing on the lake. d) she was climbing the mountain.
  11. a) the woman regretted to take the train.
  b) the woman met a disaster during their holiday.
  c) the woman doesn't like fishes.
  d) the man will go to the mountain during the vacation.
  • conversation two
  questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
  12. a) she is taking a vacation. b) she is travelling on business.
  c) she is in china for a trip. d) she is promoting her new book.
  13. a) one guy got drunk and broke the vase without knowing.
  b) one guy kicked the vase when playing a football game accidentally.
  c) one guy knocked the vase down when waving his arm in accident.
  d) a horse ran around in the house and knocked the vase down carelessly.
  14. a) the vase fell on the computer. b) water spilled on the computer.
  c) the computer crashed on the floor. d) the man repaired the computer himself.
  15. a) sad. b) furious. c) helpless. d) depressed.
  © section c
  directions: in this section, you will hear three passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
  • passage one
  questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
  16. a) boston. b) seattle. c) san francisco. d) seattle and san francisco.
  17. a) because these businesses are expanding markets in other cities.
  b) because these gourmet merchants are from other cities.
  c) because the gourmet coffee market is growing and continues to grow.
  d) because the gourmet coffee market will grow into an 8-million-dollar market by 1999.
  18. a) those small gourmet coffee brands.
  b) those leading gourmet coffee brands.
  c) those regular brands.
  d) those gourmet brands.
  • passage two
  questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
  19. a) their skin is exposed to the fierce sun rays.
  b) they are active in the daytime.
  c) they live in africa.
  d) they think dark skin symbolizes health.
  20. a) it is striped. b) it contains a lot of dark pigment.
  c) it is semidry. d) it helps the mouse blend in with chipmunks.
  21. a) all mice are not active during the day.
  b) the african grass mouse lives in the eastern and southern africa.
  c) the skin of humans who live in the tropics contains a lot of dark pigment.
  d) only the african grass mouse has a layer of melanin-pigmented tissue between its skin and skull.
  • passage three
  questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
  22. a) by being corrected frequently by adults.
  b) by comparing their performance with that of others.
  c) by being given praises or rewards when they're better than others.
  d) by teachers' pointing out their mistakes at school.
  23. a) to point out the children's mistake once they make one.
  b) to let children depend on their teachers.
  c) to offer help when the children admit they can't find right ways to the answer.
  d) to give the children equal opportunities to play games.
  24. a) it benefits the children to learn more things.
  b) it doesn't help children's learning.
  c) it helps children a lot in science or mathematics.
  d) it doesn't help children to make friends.
  25. a) let the children judge their own work.
  b) teachers shouldn't waste their time on helping children.
  c) children will figure out their mistakes all the time.
  d) all the children need are answer books at school.
  part iii reading comprehension (40 minutes)
  © section a
  directions: in this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. please mark the corresponding letter for each item on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
  according to some educators, fun and games are nothing wrong. recently, the education arcade has called international game designers, teachers, publishers and policymakers together and held a conference in l.a. the education arcade is a group which (26) at the massachusetts institute of technology, near boston. and the aim of the conference was to talk over the future of the educational games. the (27) explained, "via video games and computer, we expect to change the way of learning".
  what's more, the conference was also a part of e-three, (28) the electronic entertainment exposition. the e-three is a trade show held once a year for companies to show their new games and educational products.
  professors from the education arcade and microsoft company (29) with each other on a games-to-teach project, in which the education arcade was in charge of the research part. the project was to (30) new ways to apply technology to teaching and learning. game designers were invited to join and help develop ideas on how to mix game playing with science and (31) .
  a while ago, the education arcade announced that some products would be placed with a "games for learning" (32) and would begin to appear in the market within six months. the goal is to promote that games are teaching as well as fun. besides, it also helps companies to get (33) to produce more teaching games.
  companies are developing more (34) role-playing games. systems, like hand-held educational devices, are being created, too. a game called "revolution" is under development in the colonial williamsburg foundation in virginia, and m.i.t. players are going to (35) the american revolution online.
  a) explore b) begin c) business d) showed
  e) statement f) started g) receive h) working
  i) experience j) estimated k) collaborated l) mathematics
  m) educational n ) namely o) participants
  © section b
  directions: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.
  a) the rewards of being right about climate change are bittersweet. james hansen should know this better than most—he warned of this whole thing before congress in 1988, when he was director of nasa's institute for space studies. at the time, the world was experiencing its warmest five-month run since we started recording temperatures 130 years earlier. hansen said, "it is time to stop waffling so much and say that the evidence is pretty strong that the greenhouse effect is here."
  b) fast forward 28 years and, while we're hardly out of the waffle house yet, we know much more about climate change science. hansen is still worried that the rest of us aren't worried enough.
  c) last summer, prior to countries' united nations negotiations in paris, hansen and 16 collaborators authored a draft paper that suggested we could see at least 10 feet of sea-level rise in as few as 50 years. 10 feet of sea-level rise is more than enough to effectively kick us out of even the most well-endowed coastal cities. stitching together archaeological evidence of past climate change, current observations, and future-telling climate models, the authors suggested that even a small amount of global warming can rack up enormous consequences—and quickly.
  d) so what's the deal? the authors highlight several of the threats they believe we'll face this century, including many feet of sea-level rise, a halting of major ocean circulatory currents, and an outbreak of super storms. these are the big threats we've been afraid of—and hansen et al. say they could be here before we know it.
  sea-level rise
  e) the scientists estimate that existing climate models aren't accounting well enough for current ice loss off of the greenland and antarctic ice sheets. right now, antarctica and greenland ice sheets both contribute under or near 1 millimeter to sea-level rise every year; they each contain enough stored ice to drive up ocean levels by 200 and 20 feet, respectively.
  f) this study suggests that, since the rate of ice loss is increasing, we should think of it not as a straight line but as an exponential(指数) curve, doubling every few years. but how much time does it take to make a big difference. right now, measurements of ice loss aren't clear enough to even make a strong estimate about how long that period might be. is it 10 years or 40? it's hard to say based on the limited data we have now, which would make a big difference either way.
  g) nature tends to put limits on exponential growth, joughin—a university of washington researcher unaffiliated with the paper and who has studied the tipping points of antarctic glaciers—points out: "there's only so fast you can move ice out of an ice sheet," joughin explained. while some ice masses may be collapsing at an accelerating rate, others won't be as volatile.
  h) this means, while some parts of ice sheet collapse may very well proceed exponentially, we can't expect such simple mathematics to model anything in the real world except the terror spike of the kingda ka.
  ocean turnover
  i) we're talking about the atlantic meridonal overturning circulation, or amoc, and other currents like it. as cold meltwater flows off of glaciers and ice sheets at enormous rates, it pools at the ocean's surface, trapping the denser but warmer saltwater beneath it. this can seriously mess with the moving parts of the ocean, the so-called "conveyor belts" that cycle deep nutrient-rich water to the surface. these slow currents are driven by large-scale climate processes, like wind, and drive others, like the carbon cycle. but they also rely on gradients(渐变) in temperature and density to run; if too much cold water from the glaciers pools at the surface, the whole conveyor belt could stutter to a stop.
  j) in the north atlantic, this would mean waters get colder, while the tropics, denied their influx of colder water, would heat up precipitously. hansen says we're already seeing the beginnings of amoc's slowdown: there's a spot of unusually cool water hanging out off of greenland, while the u.s. east coast continues to see warmer and warmer temperatures. hansen said it plainly in a call with reporters: "i think this is the beginning of substantial slowdown of the amoc."
  superstorms
  k) as the temperature gradient between the tropic and the polar oceans gets steeper, thanks to that slowing of ocean-mixing currents, we could see stronger storms, too. this is surprisingly intuitive: picture a temperature gradient like a hill, with the high temperatures up at the top and the low temperatures down at the bottom. as the highs get higher and the lows get lower, that hill gets a lot steeper—and the storms are the bowling balls you chuck down the hill. a bowling ball will pick up a lot more speed on a steep hill, and hurt a lot more when it finally runs into something. likewise, by the time these supercharged storms are slamming into coasts in the middle latitudes, they will be carrying a whole lot of deadly force with them.
  so what does it all mean?
  l) whether other scientists quibble over these results or not—and they probably will—the overall message is hardly new. it's bad, you guys. it might be really, truly, deeply bad, or it might be slightly less bad. either way, says hansen, what we know for sure is that it's time to do something about it. "among the top experts, there's a pretty strong agreement that we've reached a point where this is truly urgent," he said.
  m) so hansen is frustrated once more with the failure of humanity to respond adequately. the result he'd hoped for when he released an early version of the paper online last summer was to get world leaders to come together in paris to agree on a global price on carbon. carbon prices and emissions cuts should be more the purview of politicians and diplomats.
  n) still, true urgency would require more of us than just slowing the growth of emissions—it requires stopping them altogether. in a paper published in 2013, hansen found that we have to cut 6 percent of our use of carbon-based fuels every year, if we want to avoid dangerous climate change. he said on a press call. "that 6 percent reduction—that's not advocacy, that's science. and then i would advocate that we do that!"
  o) the future is wetter, stranger, and stormier unless we make serious moves to alternative energy sources now. will we? maybe. we've started but we still have a long, long way to go. if it's a race between us and the ice sheets, neither i nor james hansen nor anyone else can tell you for sure who will win.
  36. superstorms are capable of causing great damage.
  37. ocean turnover has a close relationship with temperature change.
  38. ice loss is exponential.
  39. nations should cooperate together to cut carbon prices and emissions.
  40. it's hard to estimate when the ice loss will bring great effect.
  41. there is a limitation in exponential growth.
  42. hansen suggested cutting 6 percent of carbon-based fuels consumption every year.
  43. sea level rise will drive human out of coastal cities.
  44. humans are still waffling in 2016.
  45. james hansen has warned of climate change 28 years ago.
  © section c
  directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
  • passage one
  to host the olympic games, a proposal must be submitted to the ioc—international olympic committee—at first. after receiving the proposals, the ioc will select the host city by voting. in the first round, if no city wins a majority, the city with the fewest votes will be knocked out. the voting continues until a city successes in gaining a majority. it's typical to award the host of the games several years in advance, leaving the victorious city enough time to prepare.
  the ioc is taking many factors into consideration when selecting the host city, like if the city has built, or promises to build, the best facilities; if the city's organizing committee is capable of holding the games effectively. the ioc also takes in account which district in the world has not ever hosted the games. the host of the 1968 summer games, mexico city, for example, was selected to popularize the olympics in latin america partially. recently years, for the reason of growing importance of television worldwide, the host city's time zone is also considered. for instance, no matter when the games proceed in the u.s.a or canada, in order to broadcast live events in prime time, the america television network likes to pay higher amounts to gain the television right.
  the minute the games is awarded, neither the ioc nor the noc of the host city's country will finance them. the local organizing committee is responsible for collecting funds. it's done often with a part of the olympic television revenues, and with ticket sales and corporate sponsorships. besides, there are also some other small revenue sources that will support, such as proceeds from a national lottery or commemorative stamps. meantime, the government is willing to provide funds directly in most cases.
  most of the host cities have gained a great financial profit through the olympic games. however, the games can also be risky in finance. if the proceeds from the olympics are less than expected, the city will be in debt heavily.
  46. in the voting, the games will be awarded to the city which__.
  a) gets the most votes in the first round b) gets more than half votes
  c) has the best facilities d) pays highest for the television rights
  47. which might be the reason to choose mexico city as the host of the 1968 summer games?
  a) it's the capital of mexico. b) it's next to america.
  c) it's famous in latin america. d) it doesn't need finance from the ioc.
  48. which one is not the factor the ioc considers in selecting the host city?
  a) the ability to stage the games. b) if the area used to host the games.
  c) how much the ioc needs to finance it. d) the host city's time zone.
  49. who will finance the games?
  a) the ioc and the noc of the host city's country.
  b) the ioc or the noc of the host city's country.
  c) the local organizing committee and government.
  d) the local financial organizations and government.
  50. of the following four statements, which one is right?
  a) the host country must have gained votes from major countries in the voting.
  b) all the host cities will not gain great profit as expected.
  c) there will be direct support from government in any case for the olympics.
  d) the host country can apply more time to prepare for the games.
  • passage two
  people are being tricked into facebook with a promise of a free and fun service. but people don't realize that they're paying for it in an invisible way—uploading their personal information. advertisers buy the users' personal data from facebook and send targeted messages.
  a large part of facebook users have no idea what is happening. even though they are told what the company has done, they still don't realize what they're paying exactly. they don't know how much their personal information is worth.
  however, it's not the biggest problem. the biggest problem is that the rules are keeping being changed. in the beginning, you're able to keep everything private and build your own little private network. that's quite great. the company changed the privacy rules last year. many things are set by default to be public on the internet, like your city, your photo, and your friends' names. you're sharing with everyone without realizing it.
  according to elliot schrage, who is facebook's vice-president, the change was made simply to improve its service, and people will feel less satisfied if they don't share information. but some critics believe that it's more about facebook attempting for more money. the original model of selling ads and placing them at the sides and ends of pages failed totally, because people pay little attention to the ads when connecting with friends.
  in april, facebook was landed in hot water by the privacy issue in washington and was required to change its privacy policy by senator charles schumer. senator charles schumer also appealed that the federal trade commission should formulate regulations for social-networking sites as early as possible.
  i doubt it's just the beginning of facebook invading our privacy. and that's the reason that i'm thinking over to cancel my facebook account, even it's really a handy site. i'm worried when i realize the fact that some guys i don't trust are controlling my information. the price is too high to afford for me.
  51. what do we know from the first paragraph?
  a) facebook profits by sending messages to target users.
  b) facebook profits by selling the user's personal information.
  c) facebook profits by loading information of the users.
  d) facebook profits by selling fun service.
  52. what can we know about the facebook users from the author?
  a) they do pay money without realizing it.
  b) they are not willing to give up their personal information.
  c) they don't know their personal information enriches the facebook.
  d) they care little about their personal data.
  53. according to elliot schrage, why does facebook change its private policy?
  a) to make more money. b) to render better service.
  c) to have more users. d) to sell more ads.
  54. what did senator charles schumer call on?
  a) to set guidelines for social-networking sites.
  b) to formulate regulations for advertising on websites.
  c) to forbid advertisements on all social-networking sites.
  d) to improve laws to protect people's personal data.
  55. why does the author consider deactivating his facebook account?
  a) he is worried about his personal data being abused.
  b) he is upset by facebook's frequent policy changes.
  c) he is not satisfied with receiving ads from people he doesn't know.
  d) he doesn't want to pay facebook money anymore.
  part iv translation (30 minutes)
  directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate the following passage from chinese into english. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.
  人的生命的意义究竟有多大，是否有什么衡量标准？当然，要制定出一个绝对标准很难；但是，大体上，从一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，不难估计这个人存在的意义。
  自古以来，凡是有所成就的人，对待自己的生命都很严肃。他在活着的每一天里，总是尽量去劳动、工作和学习，不愿虚度年华，不愿让时间白白浪费。
  答案解析
  part i writing
  行文思路
  这是一篇论说文，要求在人们对大学校园恋爱持不同看法的基础上，提出自己的见解。文章大纲已给出，可依此顺序展开论述，要注意的是文章重点要落在第二点和第三点上，特别要注意最后提出自己观点时的论证。
  范文赏析
  we often see lovers hanging around hand in hand on campus.
  some people fear that lovers would devote too much time and energy to their relationship and neglect their academic studies. furthermore, their intimacy is likely to distract other students' attention, too.
  on the contrary, other people are in favor of campus love. enjoying being together, they study together and get encouragement from each other. they also learn good qualities like care and tolerance.
  my opinion is to just let it go. campus students are already grown adults; they are able to deal with their life and emotion suitably. even if they're not, they should learn to. what teachers and parents need to do is to teach them right attitude and dealing skills.
  part ii listening comprehension
  © section a
  • news report one
  the west potomac park in washington, dc, lies just west of the national mall. it is home to some of washington's most iconic sites, like the jefferson memorial, the martin luther king, jr. memorial, and the tidal basin. but, the park's most famous attraction? cherry blossoms. thousands of cherry trees bloom around the waters of the tidal basin, which reflect the trees' images. the basin was created in the late 1800s to prevent the potomac river from flooding. these pink and white flowers serve as a symbol of international friendship. the original cherry trees were a gift from japan. on march 26, 1912, more than 3,000 cherry trees arrived in washington. most were planted around the tidal basin. but cherry trees were also planted near the washington monument and the white house.
  1. what was the tidal basin built for?
  答案：d) preventing the potomac river from flooding.
  点睛解析：此题问的是tidal basin建造的目的，从听力原文the basin was created in the late 1800s to prevent the potomac river from flooding.可知，正确答案为d。
  2. what do we know about the cherry trees from the report?
  答案：d) the number of original cherry trees was over 3,000.
  点睛解析：此题考查的是对细节的把握。选项a，最早的樱树到达的时间是1912年；选项b，最早的樱树是日本的礼物，而不是购买来的；选项c，大部分的樱树是种植在tidal basin；选项d，最早的樱树数量是more than 3,000，正确答案为d。
  • news report two
  football's (soccer's) world governing body fifa has elected a new president after its former leader, sepp blatter, was forced to step down last year after being charged with corruption. new president gianni infantino faces a huge task in trying to clean up the body. infantino won with a majority in the second round of voting—gaining 115 votes from the representatives of 209 nations. he pledged to rebuild the scandal-hit organization. "i want to work with all of you together, with all of you, in order to restore and rebuild a new era in fifa, a new era in fifa where we can put again football in the center of the stage, " said infantino. infantino won 27 more votes than his closest rival—the favorite, bahrain's sheikh salman al-khalifa.
  3. how many votes did infantino gain?
  答案：a) 115 votes
  点睛解析：从听力原文infantino won with a majority... gaining 115 votes... 可以得知，正确答案为a。
  4. what do we know about the new president gianni infantino from the report?
  答案：c) he promised to restore the scandal-hit fifa.
  点睛解析：此题是细节题。报道中并没有提到过他的任命时间，last year 是前领导人离职的时间，选项a错误；narrow victory意为“险胜”，从infantino won with a majority和won 27 more votes than his closest rival可知他是以大比分获胜，选项b 错误；原文中提到he pledged to rebuild the scandal-hit organization. pledge意为“许诺”，选项c正确；选项d容易混淆，文中提到clean up the body，并不是scandals。
  • news report three
  in brazil later this year, refugees will be shown in a different arena. the international olympic committee says a number of them will be chosen to make up a special athletics team. the story is from our sports news correspondent alex capstick. the scale of the worldwide refugee crisis which numbers 20 million according to the un was the impetus for the ioc to set in motion plans for a team of this year's games made up entirely of displaced persons. and 43 candidates have been identified although the final figure will probably be somewhere between five and ten. they'll compete under the olympic flag and will march out to the opening ceremony as the penultimate squad ahead of the host nation. i'm proud to receive refugees and we have a place on the village, on olympic village. we are ready for this and i think we'll be great for the universality of the games. the head of the ioc thomas bach said they wanted to send a message of hope to all migrants in the world. as well as sporting ability, those selected must be verified as refugees by the united nations.
  5. according to the un, how many refugees are there in the world?
  答案：a) 20,000,000
  点睛解析：此题答案可从听力原文the scale of the worldwide refugee crisis which numbers 20 million according to the un得知，有两千万难民，正确答案为a。
  6. how many people will be elected to join the olympic games?
  答案：d) 5-10
  点睛解析：从听力原文and 43 candidates have been identified although the final figure will probably be somewhere between five and ten.可知，已经确认了43名候选人，却只有5到10人会参加奥运会，正确答案是d。
  7. what qualifications do the selected need?
  答案：c) they must be verified as refugees by the un.
  点睛解析：此题问的是“被选人需要满足什么条件”， 从原文as well as sporting ability, those selected must be verified as refugees by the united nations.可知需要满足的条件是，运动能力和联合国的难民认证。正确答案是c。a项和b项报道中均没有提到，d项原文中虽然提到，但不是此问题的答案。
  © section b
  • conversation one
  w: have you seen the pictures taken in the holiday?
  m: nope. but i'd like to.
  w: look. this is the train that took us there. it's fabulous, isn't it?
  m: oh, yes. but why did you choose the train? it takes a longer time and costs more money than air plane.
  m: yeah, but it's my twin daughters' request. and we really enjoyed the beautiful scenery passing by the window. here are the pictures we took from the train's window.
  m: wow, they do look nice.
  w: and the next is the house we stayed in. it's a wooden cottage near a lake.
  m: that's pretty good.
  w: yes. here is our fishing trip on the first day.
  m: wow, you caught a really big fish. who did that?
  w: my girls. i was a disaster and got zero that day, but it was really interesting.
  m: it should be. uh, did you go fishing around the lake near your house?
  w: yes. we also tried canoeing there the other day. look at this one; it's us wearing lifejackets in the canoes.
  m: oh, you all look lovely.
  w: thank you. and then, the following are pictures taken on the top of a mountain.
  m: the mountain looks great! how high is the mountain?
  w: about fifteen hundred meters. it took me more than four hours to climb to the top. i was exhausted totally.
  m: really! is there any suggestion if i want to try the mountain?
  w: do not take too much food or water with you.
  8. why did the woman choose the train?
  答案：b) she followed her daughters' request.
  点睛解析：对话中男士询问了选择火车的原因，因为在男士看来，火车既慢且贵，女士随后回答but it's my twin daughters' request，可见女士是听从了女儿们的要求，正确答案是b。c选项很有迷惑性，对话中提到她们很享受路上的风景，但这是结果，并不是原因。
  9. from the conversation, what can we know about the house they stayed in?
  答案：a) it is built with wood.
  点睛解析：对话中女士提到it's a wooden cottage near a lake. a选项正确。选项b和d都没有提到；木屋是在湖的附近，但是听力内容并没有明确说湖是在木屋的前面还是后面，选项c错误。
  10. when did the woman wear lifejacket?
  答案：c) she was canoeing on the lake.
  点睛解析：对话中lifejackets紧跟在canoeing后出现，可见是乘独木舟时穿的，正确答案是c。
  11. of the following four statements, which one might be true?
  答案：d) the man will go to the mountain during the vacation.
  点睛解析：对话的最后，男士向女士询问爬山的建议，可以看出男士很有兴趣，有可能假期的时候去，正确答案是d。
  • conversation two
  w: hello, george, you bought a bunch of flowers, how beautiful!
  m: yes, they're for my wife.
  w: your wife? i thought she were on a business trip recently.
  m: yes, she is. and she is coming back. i'll pick her up from the airport this afternoon.
  w: wow! she must be very glad to see you with the flowers.
  m: no, she wouldn't.
  w: why not?
  m: because when she was gone, a few mishaps took place in our house.
  w: really? what happened?
  m: well, i had some friends overnight watch a football game on television last friday. we were so excited and horsed around. one of the guys knocked over my wife's favorite vase accidentally when waving his arms.
  w: oh, no. could it be restored?
  m: no, it's beyond repair. it's a 300-year-old chinese porcelain vase from her grandpa.
  w: oh, my boy! you're definitely in hot water now.
  m: if it had only been that!
  w: there is more?
  m: yeah. the vase was filled with water. when the vase fell down, the water spilled on my wife's computer. and the computer crashed totally. and in the computer there is a book she has been writing for two years.
  w: oh, no! have you had the computer repaired?
  m: yes, i sent the computer to the repair shop. but the main board was broken and all the files are gone and not recoverable.
  w: oh, my god! so the flowers are for her as an apology, is it?
  m: no, they're not for my funeral.
  12. why was the wife not at home recently?
  答案：b) she is travelling on business.
  点睛解析：从对话i thought she were on a business trip recently. —yes, she is.可知，男人的妻子正在出差，正确答案是b。
  13. how did the vase get broken?
  答案：c) one guy knocked the vase down when waving his arm in accident.
  点睛解析：对话中并没说有人喝醉，选项a错误；对话中提到watch a football game on television，是在看足球比赛，选项b错误；对话中说one of the guys knocked over my wife's favorite vase accidentally when waving his arms.选项c正确；horse around 是固定搭配，表示“胡闹”的意思，选项d错误。
  14. what happened to the computer?
  答案：b) water spilled on the computer.
  点睛解析：对话中提到，花瓶里的水溅到了电脑上，选项a和c错误，b正确。男人把电脑送到了维修点，并不是自己修理的，选项d错误。
  15. how will the wife feel when she comes back home?
  答案：b) furious.
  点睛解析：此题是推理题。从对话最后一句可以推测，妻子回来会非常愤怒，正确答案是b。其他三个选项不会导致有funeral的结局。
  © section c
  • passage one
  as is known to all, in the united states, a number of people drink coffee a lot. in the past few years, there has been a developing trend of introducing premium, specially blended coffees, called "gourmet coffees" into the american coffee market. it seems that this trend started from boston. actually, major gourmet coffee merchants are from other cities, such as seattle and san francisco. they came to boston and fell into a "coffee war" with local boston's merchants. all of them are competing to win a larger and more significant share in the gourmet coffee market. however, the competition in the leading gourmet coffee business will not hurt each other at all. experts have made a prediction that the american gourmet coffee market is growing and there is still a lot of room for the growth. experts predict that the gourmet coffee will occupy half of the american coffee market, which is a 1.5-million-dollar market for the moment. and the american coffee market will grow into an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. what's more, studies also show that few of the coffee drinkers who have converted to gourmet coffee will turn back to the regular coffee in supermarkets. at last, in the gourmet coffee competition, these regular coffee brands will become the real losers.
  16. according to the speaker, which seems to be the birthplace of the gourmet coffee trend?
  答案：a) boston.
  点睛解析：此题问的是精品咖啡的发源地，是推断题。从this trend started from boston可知，精品咖啡起源于波士顿，而西雅图和圣弗朗西斯科的咖啡商人是到波士顿来竞争市场的。正确答案是a。
  17. why will the competition not hurt any of the leading gourmet coffee businesses?
  答案：c) because the gourmet coffee market is growing and continues to grow.
  点睛解析：此题问的是精品咖啡领头企业不会在竞争中受到伤害的原因。从experts has made a prediction...a lot of room for the growth可知正确答案为c项。a项听力中没有提到；b项与此题无关；d项表述错误，应是the american coffee market，而不是gourmet coffee market。
  18. who will lose in the gourmet coffee competition?
  答案：c) those regular brands.
  点睛解析：从最后两句话可知，regular brands会成为这种竞争的real losers，正确答案是c。
  • passage two
  over many generations' evolvement, humans living near the equator have dark skin as a result of exposure to the fierce sun rays. in some parts of the animal realm, a similar phenomenon takes place. the african grass mouse that lives in eastern and southern africa provides a good example. mice are nocturnal animals mostly. while the african grass mouse is active in daylight and rests at night. that's to say, the african grass mouse spends the daylight hours in search of food among the semidry bushes and scrubs. its striped fur, which looks like a chipmunk's, helps blend itself in with the environment a lot. because of spending much time in the bright tropical sunlight, the grass mouse also has evolved two safeguards to protect itself from the ultraviolet radiation of the sun. the first guard is its skin. just like human populations living in this region, the grass mouse's skin contains a lot of melanin, or dark pigment. second, there is a layer of melanin-pigmented tissue between the grass mouse's skin and skull, which is quite unusual. this unique tissue offers an extra protective measure to the grass mouse as well as three other types of african mouse-like rodents who are active by day also. scientists have identified that the white tent-making bat of the central american tropics is the only other species with the same kind of skull structure. these bats sleep in the daytime with their body curled up and only head exposed to the sun rays.
  19. why do people near the equator have dark skin?
  答案：a) their skin is exposed to the fierce sun rays.
  点睛解析：此题答案在第一句已经直接给出，humans living near the equator have dark skin as a result of exposure to the fierce sun rays，正确答案是a。
  20. what do we know about the african grass mouse's fur?
  答案：a) it is striped.
  点睛解析：此题是细节题，从its striped fur可知非洲草鼠的毛是有条纹的，正确答案是a。
  21. of the following four statements, which is not right?
  答案：d) only the african grass mouse has a layer of melanin-pigmented tissue between its skin and skull.
  点睛解析：此题问的是哪个说法是“不”正确的。选项a要特别注意的是all not 表示的是部分否定，a 项意为“不是所有的老鼠都在白天活动”。选项b可从听力原文the african grass mouse that lives in eastern and southern africa...中找到；选项c，由just like human populations...or dark pigment可推断出；选项d，可从this unique tissue...by day also得知，颅骨和皮肤之间的独特组织并不是非洲草鼠独有，unique此处取“独特”之意。
  • passage three
  should we be ready to correct a child all the time when he is learning to talk? no. if corrected too much, the kid shall stop talking. a child compares his language with the language of other people around him hundreds of times a day. bit by bit, he detects the difference and makes needed corrections by himself to make his language more similar to others'. likewise, children could learn in the same way to do all the other things, such as walking, running, climbing, playing games etc. by putting the performance of their own with that of other more skilled people in comparison, they make necessary changes slowly. however, children are never given a chance to figure out his mistakes by himself at school. we do all for them, just as if they would never find their mistake without being pointed out to them. it is such behaviors that make the children dependent on experts soon. we should let the children do it themselves. let them discover a word's meaning, the right answer to a question, whether it's right to say or do something. of course, if they want, they will ask other children for help. when they need to be given a right answer, for example in science or mathematics, we can also let him correct his own papers with the answer book. our time shouldn't be wasted on the tedious work like that. our job is to offer help only when the children tell us their failure to get access to the right answer.
  22. how do the children learn to do something?
  答案：b) by comparing their performance with that of others.
  点睛解析：文章开头即提出，孩子学习时不应该一直更正，选项a错误。随后听力中提到，孩子们通过对比，发现自己与其他人的差异或错误，从而一点点改正，选项b正确。选项c 文中并没有提到。听力中as if they would never find their mistake without being pointed out to them.使用的是虚拟语气，表示孩子们可以自己发现错误，不需要我们来指出，选项d错误。
  23. according to the speaker, what should be the teacher's job at school?
  答案：c) to offer help when the children admit they can't find right ways to the answer.
  点睛解析：此题答案在听力最后一句，选项c正确。从听力原文we do all for them...dependent on experts soon可以排除选项a和b。而选项d文中并没有提到。
  24. what does the speaker imply about the current teaching method?
  答案：b) it doesn't help children's learning.
  点睛解析：此题是逻辑推理题。从听力原文however, children are never given a chance to figure out his mistakes...dependent on experts soon.可知，作者并不赞同目前的教育方式，认为它不利于孩子们的学习，选项a错误，正确答案是b。c项和d项并没有提到。
  25. what does the speaker want to express?
  答案：a) let the children judge their own work.
  点睛解析：本题是主旨大意题，需要对听力内容整体把握。文章通篇都在讲孩子们可以自己发现错误学习成长，正确答案是a。b、c、d项都是以偏概全。
  part iii reading comprehension
  © section a
  26. 答案：f) started
  点睛解析：此处缺少的是which引导的定语从句中的谓语动词。从句中which作主语，代指group，谓语动词要用第三人称单数的现在时或过去时，符合条件的只有d、f、j、k四个选项，其中选项f符合语境。
  27. 答案：o) participants
  点睛解析：此处缺少的单词与the 共同构成主语，且主语指人。participant 意为“参赛者，与会者”，正确答案是o。
  28. 答案：n ) namely
  点睛解析：可知看出，the electronic entertainment exposition是对e-three的解释；namely意为“即是，也就是说”。
  29. 答案：k) collaborated
  点睛解析：此处缺少的是谓语动词，主语是professors，谓语动词要用第三人称复数的一般过去时。剩下的选项中只剩d、j、k三个选项，collaborate意为“合作”，是不及物动词，与介词with连用表示“和……合作”，正确答案是k。
  30. 答案：a) explore
  点睛解析：此处是动词不定式作表语，to 后要跟动词原形，选项a、b、g中，只有explore可接名词way(方法)，explore new ways表示“探索新方法”。
  31.答案：l) mathematics
  点睛解析：此处缺少的是名词，是由and连接并和science并列的名词，mathematics符合题意。
  32.答案：e) statement
  点睛解析：此处缺少的是名词，联系上下文可推断，指的是和产品放置在一起的具体物品，选项中只有statement可指代实物，此处指产品的纸质声明。
  33.答案：c) business
  点睛解析：get business 意为“得到业务，做成生意”，联系上下文，此处应选c。
  34.答案：m) educational
  点睛解析：此处缺少的词，要么是用来修饰games的形容词，要么是用来形容developing的副词，只剩下h、i、m可选，联系上下文和词义，正确答案应是m。
  35.答案：i) experience
  点睛解析：本句是be going to 句型的一般将来时态，此处缺少的是to后的动词，且是动词原形，只剩下b、g、i可选，联系上下文和词义，正确答案应是i。
  © section b
  36. 答案：k
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳总结。根据关键词superstorms可定位至k段，great damage也与deadly force相对应。
  37. 答案：i
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词ocean turnover可定位至i段，且temperature change 和gradients in temperature相对应。
  38. 答案：f
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词ice loss和exponential可定位至f段。
  39. 答案：m
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查。根据关键词cut carbon prices and emissions可定位至m段，nations与world leaders相呼应。
  40. 答案：f
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查。根据关键词when, ice loss定位至f段。bring great effect 和make a big difference 同义。
  41. 答案：g
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查。根据关键词limitation和exponential growth可定位至g段第一句。
  42. 答案：n
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查。根据关键词6 percent of carbon-based fuels可定位至n段，consumption表示“消耗”，与use对应。
  43. 答案：c
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查。根据关键词sea level rise和coastal cities可定位至c段。drive human out of与kick us out of 对应。
  44. 答案：b
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查。根据关键词waffling和2016可迅速定位至b段。2016与fast forward 28 years对应。
  45. 答案：a
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查。根据关键词warned和climate change可迅速定位至a段，28 years ago与1988呼应。
  © section c
  • passage one
  46.答案：b) gets more than half votes
  点睛解析： 此题答案在第一段倒数第二句。关键词是majority，表示的是超过一半以上的大多数，而不是most，排除a项。正确答案是b。c项和d项提到的best facilities和pays for television rights是ioc 的考虑因素，但不是决定性因素，且最高级的说法也不正确。
  47.答案：c) it's famous in latin america.
  点睛解析：墨西哥城的例子，是在第二段第二句话之后，即ioc会考虑世界上没有举办过奥运会的地区，由此可推断，是与墨西哥城所处的地理位置有关；第三句直接指出了to popularize the olympics in latin america partially，可知，原因是它是拉美城市，正确答案是c。
  48.答案：c) how much the ioc needs to finance it.
  点睛解析：此题问的是“不是”ioc考虑的因素。a、b、d选项在第二段中都有提到，并没有c选项，且从第三段第一句话可知，ioc没有义务资助奥运会举办城市。正确答案是c。
  49.答案：c) the local organizing committee and government.
  点睛解析：第三段第一句话即说明，ioc和noc 都没有义务资助奥运会举办城市，neither...nor...意为“都不”，表示否定的意思，a、b项均错误。第二句和最后一句明确指出the local organizing committee和government 会筹集基金。文中并没有提到financial organizations(金融机构)，第三句中提到的一些资金来源也并不是金融机构，d项错误。正确答案是c。
  50.答案：b) all the host cities will not gain great profit as expected.
  点睛解析：a项错误，举办城市要获得ioc majority(多数)的投票，而不是major(主要)国家的投票。b项正确，all...not...表示部分否定，从最后一段最后一句可知，某些举办城市所得的利润会比原本期盼的少。c项错误，从第三段最后一句可知，是in most cases(大部分情况下)，政府会直接提供资金，而不是in any case(任何情况下)；d项错误，第一段最后一句提到，ioc会提前几年宣布，给足举办城市时间准备，但并没有说可以申请延长准备时间。
  • passage two
  51.答案：b) facebook profits by selling the user's personal information.
  点睛解析：从第一段最后一句可知，广告商从facebook买用户私人信息，并向目标人群发送广告，选项a错误。选项c颠倒了逻辑关系，原文是说用户给facebook上传了自己的信息，而不是facebook为用户提供信息。文章开头就提出facebook提供有趣且免费的服务，选项d错误。选项b正确。
  52.答案：c) they don't know their personal information enriches the facebook.
  点睛解析：从第二段第一句话可以知道，用户并不知道facebook在用他们的私人信息赚钱，正确答案是c。如第一题解析，facebook并不收取用户费用，选项a错误；用户并不知道他们的私人信息被利用，且文中也没有提到不情愿，也没有说用户不关心，选项b和d错误。
  53.答案：b) to render better service.
  点睛解析：第四段开头就给出了原因to improve its service，即改进服务，正确答案是b。
  54.答案：a) to set guidelines for social-networking sites.
  点睛解析：关于senator charles schumer，文中只提到了要facebook更改策略的要求和给社交网站制定条例的呼吁，正确答案是a。set guidelines是“制定方针”的意思。
  55.答案：a) he is worrying about his personal data being abused.
  点睛解析：文章最后一段第一句和第二句很明确地说明了作者要取消账号的原因：facebook开始侵犯个人隐私。选项a符合此意，是正确答案。
  part iv translation
  参考译文
  what is the significance of a life? is there any measuring standard? of course, it is very difficult to set an absolute standard. however, we can evaluate a man's significance of existence more or less through his attitude towards life generally. since antiquity, all people of achievement are serious about their lives. every day, they work as hard as they can and learn as much as possible. they never idle away a single day.