大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案解析(2)
  part i writing (30 minutes)
  directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay under the title of “on plastic surgeries”. you are required to write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
  1. 如今，整形现象已经越来越普遍；
  2. 分析这一现象的原因；
  3. 提出你对这一现象的观点或是建议。
  part ii listening comprehension (25 minutes)
  © section a
  directions: in this section, you will hear three news reports. at the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
  questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
  1. a) there is a referendum on britain's membership of the eu.
  b) british politicians want the uk to leave the eu.
  c) the mps insist that it is the british voters' right to decide the issue.
  d) mr. obama is faced with the choice whether to interfere in britain's membership of the eu.
  2. a) he doesn't want to interfere either.
  b) he hopes that britain can stay in the eu.
  c) he will respect britain's wish.
  d) he wants to make a difference in the debate.
  questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
  3. a) citizenship. b) polling. c) immigration. d) crime incidents.
  4. a) she has won a majority of support from the voters.
  b) voters think that she is not reliable.
  c) she has to learn from her husband or barack obama.
  d) winning the voters' trust is very difficult.
  questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
  5. a) 64. b) 34. c) 36. d) 54.
  6. a) he will take measures to fight against it toughly.
  b) he will give order to close the transport hub.
  c) he will agree to join the coalition against is.
  d) he will arrest the members of the terror groups.
  7. a) the terror groups had enough explosives.
  b) the civilians had no weapons so that they were powerless to resist.
  c) the terror groups were defeated by the turkish security forces.
  d) the terror groups had no other choice.
  © section b
  directions: in this section, you will hear two long conversations. at the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
  • conversation one
  questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
  8. a) she thinks the present job is a dead-end one.
  b) she has been fed up with the present job.
  c) she wants to earn more money.
  d) she dislikes her working environment.
  9. a) a house agent. b) a lobby manager.
  c) a business manager. d) a lobbyist.
  10. a) be quick in thought. b) leadership skills.
  c) effective communication skills. d) teamwork spirit.
  11. a) the education background. b) the individual ability to work.
  c) the experience in this field. d) the operating condition of the hotel.
  • conversation two
  questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
  12. a) a sports mode that he took part in. b) benefits of cross-country skiing.
  c) how to enjoy peacefulness. d) breathtaking scenery in the countryside.
  13. a) he finds it difficult to describe the peacefulness.
  b) he often forgets the main topic.
  c) he fails to find enough examples to support his topic.
  d) he is not sure whether the effort part of skiing should be included.
  14. a) much energy should be invested in it. b) people usually lose balance.
  c) the temperature is too low outside. d) it takes much time to practice.
  15. a) a lot of time should be spent in collecting information.
  b) new points come into mind.
  c) changing the point of view is unavoidable.
  d) insisting on the original idea is possible.
  © section c
  directions: in this section, you will hear three passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
  • passage one
  questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
  16. a) a large quantity of information conveyed.
  b) a natural and spontaneous speech delivery style.
  c) a clear and simple main point.
  d) a timely use of visual aids.
  17. a) apply rhetorical flourishes. b) pronounce words clearly and correctly.
  c) arrange an outline of ideas. d) use a cut-and-dried text.
  18. a) the confidence needed when making report in public.
  b) the importance of good preparation.
  c) the mastery of using body language and emotion.
  d) the difference in language and style between speaking and writing.
  • passage two
  questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
  19. a) to take down the noise system.
  b) to install a silencer.
  c) to control the pressure wave.
  d) to mix in more noise with the help of loudspeakers.
  20. a) save the cost of a car. b) reduce the noise of a car.
  c) make a car much lighter. d) improve the performance of a silencer.
  21. a) it still needs to be tested. b) it will increase the cost of car production.
  c) people still have doubt about its actual effect. d) the automakers haven't been decided.
  • passage three
  questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
  22. a) schoolbag. b) fresh meat. c) fresh fruit. d) glasses.
  23. a) products have to sit on shelves for a long time before being bought by shoppers.
  b) it can help to give detailed information of the product.
  c) products must be well protected during the shipment.
  d) it can create more economic profits.
  24. a) to make the packages of products beautiful. b) to make the products more attractive.
  c) to give information of products. d) to provide much convenience.
  25. a) because the labels contain detailed information.
  b) because we open the containers when we go shopping.
  c) because we can hardly see the actual products.
  d) because the salespeople are not trustable.
  part iii reading comprehension (40 minutes)
  © section a
  directions: in this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making your choices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. please mark the corresponding letter for each item on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
  it has long been a dispute that men come from mars while women come from venus. males and females seem to show (26) behaviors almost from birth. according to the researchers' words, these different behaviors are on account of the basic differences in their brain (27) and activities. actually, men and women have their own strong points. men do better in (28) targets and solving math problems while women do better in memorizing words and recognizing faces. but why are there differences?
  men (29) rely more on one side of the brain while women use both sides of it on the basis of a test of the brain's electrical activity. scientists also find that the two sides of the brain have different functions—one is to control the sense of space and the other one is to control language. and some researchers suppose that the different ways that men and women use their brains (30) from ancient times, during which cave men hunted and women attended to the children. therefore, men had to have good (31) and women had to talk to the kids.
  no matter what the explanation is, the battle of the sexes never quite down. even though their brains are slightly different in construction, men and women are (32) capable as they simply rely on different abilities. there is an example in which a pair of couple is arguing over the (33) of their car in a parking lot. the man might find the car by using his sense of space and at the same time the woman (34) on her recognition of landmarks. the (35) is that both of them find the car. but chances may be that they will still argue about who's the better driver and who's better at finding the way home.
  a) hitting b) location c) aim d) different
  e) mission f) possibly g) outcome h) depends
  i) risked j) structures k) commonly l) obvious
  m) equally n) evolved o) arguing
  © section b
  directions: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.
  a) between 1901 and 2010, global sea levels rose an average of 0.19 meters, or roughly seven inches. over the next century, they'll continue to rise—but at this point, that's one of the few things scientists know for certain. less understood is how fast they'll rise, or where in the world these changes will be the most pronounced—information that will be crucial in helping coastal communities adapt to climate change.
  b) "this is the burning question," said andrea dutton, an assistant professor of geology at university of florida. "how quickly will the sea levels rise, and by how much?" to figure it out, dutton and other scientists across the united states are studying sea-level changes dating back 125,000 to 400,000 years, when global mean temperatures were 1.5 or two degrees celsius higher than they are today. in some cases, the global mean sea levels during these eras peaked at 20-30 feet above present rates.
  c) according to the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc) , the planet is likely to reach those temperatures again by 2100—which means understanding the past millennia could help researchers determine how best to protect vulnerable areas from the rising tides.
  d) the ipcc estimates a maximum 2.69-foot increase over the next hundred years or so, though other estimates are as high as three or four feet. in the meantime, some places have already begun to feel the impact. in southeast florida, for example, four counties—including miami dade and palm beach—have formed a coalition called the southeast florida regional compact to develop strategies for problems like nuisance flooding, land subsidence, and saltwater intrusion into fresh water sources. similar local efforts are taking place in the communities surrounding the chesapeake bay, and in other flooding hotspots around the country.
  e) "people are demanding more regionalized information because local communities are being affected," said benjamin kirtman, a professor of atmospheric sciences at the university of miami. "the regional effects are very tricky, particularly here." but regional research will have to account for events with global implications, including the likely eventual break-up, or deglaciation, of the west antarctic ice sheet and the melting of greenland. "and right now, scientists don't have the data to understand how the changes in these massive ice sheets will affect sea levels worldwide," says richard alley, a glaciologist at pennsylvania state university.
  f) scientists have approximated that the collapse of the west antarctic ice sheet alone could lead to a rise in global sea levels by up to 11 feet. alley has modeled scenarios in which warming temperatures led the ice sheet to "develop unstable cliffs and fracture rapidly, leading to rapid ice-sheet loss and sea-level rise." he compares the phenomenon to a fragile sand dune, susceptible to collapse. "not much research has been available to the ipcc on this topic. the uncertainties are large," said alley. "whether a cliff is going to crumble or not is a hard thing to say."
  g) putting together a complete picture of past different warm periods, ranging from about 11,700 to 5.3 million years ago, is no easy task, either. these eras, though distinct, all share certain commonalities, like temperatures and atmospheric carbon-dioxide levels on par with what we're experiencing today.
  h) looking back 120,000 years, the temperature was two to three degrees celsius higher than today's temperature—what scientists project climate change could bring within the next century. for example, in the interglacial age 120,000 years ago, temperatures were two to three degrees celsius higher than they are today, and sea levels were three to nine meters higher. scientists project that within the next century, climate change could bring current temperatures up to levels on par with this period.
  i) dutton recently received funding from the national science foundation to assess the rates of sea level rise around 125,000 years ago. her project, like most research in this field, relies not on models, but instead on aged physical evidence—in her case, coral samples collected from the florida keys, mexico, and western australia. since coral grows close to the sea surface, the different layers of coral fossil reflect their growth, age, and subsequently, contact with the ocean.
  j) "this ocean life can help serve as a record for where sea level was," said dutton. "we can measure the rates of sea level rise and see: was it a gradual process, or did it jump quickly? was it stable?" she said. "part of the question is, did this rise happen in 1,000 years or less," she continued. "we want to get it down to plus or minus 50 years, but we might not be able to resolve anything less than that."
  k) though sea level is a local issue, australia's particular topographical dynamics during this time period would help it stand as an estimate for a global average.
  l) maureen raymo, a professor at columbia university's lamont-doherty earth observatory, studies the climate systems of past warm periods, including the pliocene era (spanning 5.33 to 2.58 million years ago) . she says that as climate science has come into sharper focus over the past five years, the idea of studying deep-time records has caught on within the climate-research community. "i don't think 10 years ago scientists realized just how quickly the potential for rapid sea level rise was," raymo said.
  m) at the southern tip of the united states, meanwhile, the miami chapter of the southeastern florida compact—the local climate-change coalition composed of city officials, community members, and scientists—is laying out city plans on five-year cycles. anything further out may be rendered irrelevant by the rising seas.
  n) "nobody knows what things are going to look like in 50 to 100 years," said nicole hefty, who heads up miami-dade county's office of sustainability. "we can speak for smaller years and adapt in that way."
  o) in the chesapeake bay area—a flat region that's been sinking at a rate of 1.1 to 4.8 millimeters per year since the 1940s—residents have recently begun preparing for the sea rise with a local pilot project in norfolk, virginia. different working groups—composed of climate scientists, citizens, and representatives from government and the private sector—will develop recommendations for zoning and construction projects with an eye on sea-level rise and storm surge.
  p) "this model could be replicated throughout the country, says larry atkinson," a professor at the center for coastal physical oceanography in norfolk who consults for the pilot. but because projects like these depend on local funding and organizing, they can be challenging for some communities to develop.
  36. dutton's project relies on aged physical evidence—coral samples.
  37. regional research has to account for events with global implications.
  38. city plans on five-year cycles is being laid out by the miami chapter of the southeastern florida compact.
  39. the global mean sea levels during 125,000 to 400,000 years ago peaked at 20-30 feet above present rates.
  40. some communities will have difficulties in developing the local pilot project because of funding and organizing problem.
  41. personages of all circles will develop recommendations for zoning and construction in consideration of sea-level rise and storm surge.
  42. current temperatures will be brought up by two to three degrees celsius in the next century.
  43. four counties in southeast florida have formed a coalition to cope sea level rise.
  44. the collapse of the west antarctic ice sheet could cause the global sea levels to rise up to 11 feet.
  45. raymo says the idea of studying deep-time records has caught on within the climate-research community.
  © section c
  directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
  • passage one
  recently the open university undertook a comprehensive and detailed research project. and their evidence turns out to show that competition between nearby schools does not mean significant improvement in academic standards. in fact, the research report even reveals the opposite outcome; the test scores, however, may actually decline in places where there is fiercest competition.
  a few years ago when the further education sector was "privatized", fierce competition between colleges prevails. and potential students in urban areas can choose from several colleges. however, colleges hired high-salaried marketing directors and offered them with large budgets, some colleges even "bribed" interested students at the promise of hundreds of pounds as longs as they completed certain courses satisfactorily.
  a fully competitive market serves as the philosophical foundation of britain's recent government. it was no wonder that there were claims that educational developments of the 1990s especially in secondary education would develops towards a free market, which gives youngsters and the parents freedom to choose where to study. however, the secondary education sector didn't become a particularly competitive one. allowedly, much more information has been given to the consumers, which is also one of the characteristics of a truly free market. it is rare case that two nearby schools with several empty places are similar enough to be comparable yet different enough to be rankable. the fact is that where this happens can there be real competition.
  the research carried out by open university might not be flawed, but the conclusions of it have some flaw. the reason is that the research group did not compare areas which have real competition with the areas that do not.
  however, do not be so anxious and take it easy. secondary schools recently had begun to move towards the marketing direction. they are considering allocating resources of staff and funds to persuade students that their schools are of the best in the area. no schools could afford to do that properly, so it is to our relief that this research tells us we don't have to.
  we haven't got time for competition. it is much practical to spend our energy and small budget in teaching and learning rather than in competing and marketing.
  46. according to the research project carried out by the open university, competition between nearby schools__.
  a) improves students' motivation of learning b) lowers the academic performance
  c) means higher enrollment rate d) raises the academic standards
  47. real competition can only occur when__.
  a) schools have enough staff and funds
  b) academic standard has been improved
  c) there are comparable schools with different educational qualities
  d) students show much interests in courses
  48. which way do some colleges take to enhance competitiveness?
  a) they seek help from the government.
  b) they give students money for registration.
  c) they spend much money on marketing.
  d) they create a free market in secondary education.
  49. the author says that it is to our relief that__.
  a) most secondary schools move towards marketing
  b) the secondary schools have been proved to be the best ones
  c) it is not necessary for schools to prove to be the best
  d) secondary schools have enough resources of staff and money
  50. what is the author's attitude towards competition between nearby schools?
  a) he shows much indifference to this competition.
  b) he objects to the competition between nearby schools.
  c) he approves of this competition.
  d) he has doubts about the outcome of the competition.
  • passage two
  faces are unique such as fingerprints. have you ever questioned why we can recognize people? as skilled as a writer could be, it is quite difficult for him or her to describe all the features which distinguish one face from another. and a very young child or even an animal such as a pigeon has the ability to recognize faces. however, we are accustomed to taking this ability for granted.
  we can distinguish one person from another by observing how they behave. as we refer to someone's personality, we usually mean the ways in which he or she thinks, feels, speaks and acts. it is these things that make the individual different from others.
  as a matter of fact, human personality is also vey complicated just as the human face. while, compared with describing someone's face, describing his personality in words is a little bit easier in some degree. you will possibly meet the difficulty in describing what a "nice face" looks like. but if you are asked to describe a "nice person", the words such as "considerate" "kind" and "friendly" would come into your mind quite sensibly.
  there are many words that can be used to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. and american psychologist gordon allports has found that there are almost 18,000 english words that can characterize the subtle differences in people's behavior. many of us can describe or type his personality by using this information. we also use terms like bookworms, conservatives and military types to describe people.
  people have the inclination to "type" each other. by wearing masks, actors in early greek drama tell the audience that whether they play the role of the villain or the hero. in fact, the words "person" and "personality" derived from the latin word "persona" which means "mask". even though most actors in television dramas and movies abandon the usage of masks to imply their roles nowadays, we can tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" very easily by virtue of the differences in their appearance and actions.
  51. what is the main idea of this passage?
  a) how to describe one's personality.
  b) how to tell good guys from bad guys.
  c) how to recognize people from appearance.
  d) how to distinguish people both inward and outward.
  52. why will it be much easier to describe one's personality in words than his face?
  a) a lot of words can be used to describe one's personality.
  b) a person's face is more complicated than his personality.
  c) people usually have same personality.
  d) a person's personality is very distinctive.
  53. what does the word "type" in the last paragraph mean?
  a) distinguish. b) describe. c) recognize. d) classify.
  54. according to the passage, people can classify a person into a certain type on the basis of__.
  a) his way of feeling and acting b) his way of thinking and speaking
  c) his appearance and behavior d) his learning and intuition
  55. the author of this passage is possibly a__.
  a) writer b) behaviorist c) sociologist d) psychologist
  part iv translation (30 minutes)
  directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate the following passage from chinese into english. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.
  风筝，源于中国，有着现代飞机之先驱的美誉。其产生及应用为科学技术的发展和飞机的生产做出了重大贡献。世界上第一架飞机的形状就是借由风筝的造型而来。中国最早的风筝是用木头制作而成，其历史最早可以追溯到两千年前的战国时期(the warring states period)。纸发明问世后，人们开始用这一新材料来制作风筝。早期的风筝主要用于军事。据史料记载，当时的风筝尺寸很大，甚至可以大到把人带到空中来侦查敌人的行动。
  答案解析
  part i writing
  行文思路
  这篇作文所围绕的话题是整形现象。首先可以就整形现象越来越普遍的趋势进行简要阐述，然后分析列举这一现象出现的原因，最后说说自己对整形的看法或建议。
  范文赏析
  more and more artificial beauties can be seen in our daily life in recent years. that means that not only many actresses have plastic surgeries, ordinary women are also crazy about this upsurge. under the temptation of becoming more beautiful, they finally give in to their desires and change some parts of their bodies.
  why does the plastic surgery prevail? the first factor is the advancement of shaping techniques which makes the success probability of plastic surgeries increase rapidly. thus people start to believe in plastic surgeries and accept them. another factor should be attributed to the improvement of our living standard. nowadays people have more money so as to pursue beauty.
  in my opinion, plastic surgery has its certain necessity especially in modern society. by giving some people a beautiful face or figure, plastic surgeries can help people become more confident. however, we should be aware of the dangerousness of them. in addition, plastic surgeries only bring beauty to the appearance and the inner beauty is more important. hence we should think twice before having a plastic surgery.
  part ii listening comprehension
  © section a
  • news report one
  a group of british politicians who are campaigning for the uk to leave the european union have written to president obama, asking him not to interfere in the debate. mr. obama wants britain to stay in the eu. a referendum on britain's membership takes place in june. keith doyle reports.
  the letter which has been sent to the white house warns the president that interfering in the issue would be an unfortunate milestone at the end of his term in office. the mps including kate hoey for labor and the tory peter bone say it is understandable for mr. obama to speak out in the interest of the us but they insist it is imperative that british voters are allowed to decide the referendum issue for themselves.
  1. what does the news report talk about?
  答案：d) mr. obama is faced with the choice whether to interfere in britain's membership of the eu.
  点睛解析：本题为主旨大意题。a、b、c选项均为具体细节。d选项概括总结了奥巴马面临着是否干预英国在欧盟中去留问题的选择，所以选d。
  2. what is mr. obama's intention?
  答案：b) he hopes that britain can stay in the eu.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题。询问的是奥巴马对此事的打算，听力原文中提到"mr. obama wants britain to stay in the eu."与b选项吻合，所以选b。
  • news report two
  the two contenders for the democratic party's presidential nomination in the us, bernie sanders and hillary clinton, have argued fiercely over their records in the latest televised debate. they also clashed on their immigration policies as laura bicker reports from washington.
  the candidates faced tough questions on immigration. they both agreed that they would not deport children or immigrants without criminal records and they are both in favor of a path to citizenship. hillary clinton was also asked about polling which suggests voters think she is not trustworthy. she said it was obviously painful for her to hear. and she is not a natural politician like her husband or barack obama. but she hoped people could see she was fighting for them.
  3. which one is the tough question that the two contenders faced with?
  答案：c) immigration.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题。问的是，两位竞争对手面临的尖锐问题是什么。听力原文中提到the candidates faced tough questions on immigration.所以选c。
  4. for hillary clinton, what dose the polling suggest?
  答案：b) voters think that she is not reliable.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题。问的是，对于希拉里来说，投票说明了什么问题。听力原文中提到，hillary clinton was also asked about polling which suggests voters think she is not trustworthy. b项题干中的reliable和本句中的trustworthy意思相同，选b。
  • news report three
  president erdogan of turkey has promised a relentless fight against terrorism after a car bomb killed at least 34 people in the center of ankara. it's the third such attack in the capital in recent months. mr. erdogan said terror groups were targeting civilians because they were losing the battle against the turkish security forces. mark lowen is our correspondent in turkey. the blast tore through the heart of the turkish capital. a car packed with explosives had been detonated close to a busy transport hub. it comes just two days after the us embassy in ankara warned of a possible terror attack. no group has yet said it was behind this blast, but government sources are pointing to the kurdish guerrillas the pkk or an offshoot. as turkey has joined the coalition against is, this once stable corner of the middle east now faces twin threats. tonight in turkey there is grief, but also fear about when this wave of attacks might end.
  5. how many people were killed during the car bomb?
  答案：b) 34.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是汽车爆炸事件中的死亡人数。听力原文中提到...after a car bomb killed at least 34 people in the center of ankara.由此可知是34人，所以选b。
  6. what has the president of turkey promised to do after the terrorism?
  答案：a) he will take measures to fight against it toughly.
  点睛解析：本题为细节分析题，问的是土耳其总统在恐怖事件发生后的态度。听力原文中第一句提到president erdogan of turkey has promised a relentless fight against terrorism after a car bomb killed at least 34 people in the center of ankara.与此题相关的是has promised a relentless fight against terrorism，说明他要做的是不遗余力地打击恐怖分子，所以选a。
  7. why did the terror groups target at the civilians?
  答案：c) the terror groups were defeated by the turkish security forces.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题。问的是恐怖组织把目标放在平民百姓身上的原因。听力原文中提到mr. erdogan said terror groups were targeting civilians because they were losing the battle against the turkish security forces.由此可知，是因为他们在与土耳其安全部队交战中失利，所以选c。
  © section b
  • conversation one
  w: oh, god. i have to change to another job. the present job makes me feel much economic pressures.
  m: really? it's such a coincidence. i saw a want ad in today's newspaper just now.
  w: that's great. what is the job? just tell me.
  m: just a moment. let me find it out. uh, the grant hotel is recruiting a lobby manager.
  w: the grant hotel at the future plaza?
  m: that's the very hotel! they are looking for someone who is qualified as the lobby manager.
  w: i think that a degree in hotel management is required. well, my major in university was also hotel management. what's more, i have been working in hotel industry for almost three years. do they have other requirements?
  m: they hope that the jobseeker is quick both in thought and movement. and good communication skills and leadership skills are also important factors to consider.
  w: i should grasp this chance. through these three years, i have improved my professional proficiency, which includes the skills they required for a capable lobby manager. and i have confidence that i can do better. have they mentioned the salary? my purpose of job-hopping is to earn much more money.
  m: they haven't written about the specific number. it depends on the jobseeker's personal ability. but they also provide a lot of extra benefits. you can have a look yourself.
  w: wow, they have social security as well as promotion channel. it's really awesome. honestly speaking, i am tempted.
  8. why does the woman want to change her job?
  答案：c) she wants to earn more money.
  点睛解析：本题为推理题，听力原文开头提到想换工作，紧接着说the present job makes me feel much economic pressures.结尾处也提到my purpose of job-hopping is to earn much more money.所以选c。
  9. what is the job title that the want ad carries?
  答案：b) a lobby manager.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是招聘广告中的职位，听力原文中提到uh, the grant hotel is recruiting a lobby manager.由此可知职位是大堂经理，所以选b。
  10. which one is not the requirement for the position?
  答案：d) teamwork spirit.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查+逻辑推理题，问哪一项不是该职位的要求。a、b、c项在听力原文中均有提到，因此选d。
  11. which will decide the salary of the jobseeker?
  答案：b) the individual ability to work.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是决定求职者工资水平的因素。听力原文中提到it depends on the jobseeker's personal ability.由此可知，该酒店大堂经理工资的高低取决其个人的能力，所以选b。
  • conversation two
  m: good morning, professor harry.
  w: good morning, james. okay, let's get to the point. what's the problem that you have this time?
  m: oh, it's about the writing assignment. i find it doesn't come out right. and what i planned to write about is the particular sports mode that i took part in before.
  w: sounds great. what is it?
  m: it's cross-country skiing. yes, i chose this as the topic of my writing assignment.
  w: well, what are you going to say about it in your paper?
  m: that is also what i am thinking about now. my original idea was to describe the peacefulness that can be experienced when one is out in the country.
  w: is that a problem for you to write like this?
  m: to be honest, it's hard to centralize on the topic all the time. as i start my writing, truth is that, i can not help mentioning the efforts that should be spent in order to enjoy the state of the peacefulness. and cross-country skiing is not as easy as we have imagined before. we have to invest in a lot of energy. as this is not part of my paper, i think it will be better to leave it out. as in the following, i have no idea how to express the state of peacefulness if i don't explain how hard we should do to enjoy it. it seems as if the two things mingle together.
  w: that's easy. you cannot separate them from each other. the peacefulness that you can experience is earned by your own effort. there is no need to leave the part of effort out. it is very common that you discover new points as writing goes on.
  m: yes, i think you're right.
  12. which one is the topic of the man's paper?
  答案：a) a sports mode that he took part in.
  点睛解析：本题为主旨大意题，听力原文中提到and what i planned to write about is the particular sports mode that i took part in before.与此对应的是a选项，所以选a。
  13. what is the problem the man is faced with during the writing?
  答案：d) he is not sure whether the effort part of skiing should be included.
  点睛解析：本题为细节分析题，听力原文中提到as this is not part of my paper, i think it will be better to leave it out. as in the following, i have no idea how to express the state of peacefulness if i don't explain how hard we should do to enjoy it.由此可知，作者是不确定是否要写享受滑雪的宁静需付出努力这一部分，所以选d。
  14. why does the man say that cross-country skiing is difficult?
  答案：a) much energy should be invested in it.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是该运动困难的原因，听力原文中提到and cross-country skiing is not as easy as we have imagined before. we have to invest in a lot of energy.因此a项符合题意，其他选项并未提及，所以选a。
  15. according to the woman, what is the common thing when one writes papers?
  答案：b) new points come into mind.
  点睛解析：本题为细节分析题，听力原文的结尾处提到it is very common that you discover new points as writing goes on.与此相对应的是b选项，因此选b。
  © section c
  • passage one
  generally speaking, the speech delivery style of asians and europeans is prone to be formal. speakers from these cultures are accustomed to reading oral report from well-written manual scripts. and what's more, american speakers seem to be much more informal when compared with speakers from other cultures. what the american audiences expect is a natural and spontaneous delivery which can express out the lively sense of communication. in other words, they seldom resonate well with the speakers who simply and mechanically read from a manuscript. but things will be different if you turn to an outline of your ideas rather than a cut-and-dried text. i'm sure that your speech will sound much more natural then. in addition, it will be much easier for you to keep your listeners' attention focused and build a better relationship with them. the language and style you employ when making an oral report is quite different from the language and style you employ when writing. well-written script which is planned to be read often fails to achieve the desired effect when it is heard. so it is necessary for you to rearrange the written texts or outlines for reports. good speakers are much more informal when they are speaking than when they are writing. they express their opinions with their own words and they also develop their unique speaking styles. they prefer to use short words whenever possible. thus, the listeners are appreciated when simple, everyday words are used in the report. one of the advantages is speakers can pronounce short words easily and correctly. another advantage is that long and complicated words will impede the listening of the audience.
  16. what does the american audience expect?
  答案：b) a natural and spontaneous speech delivery style.
  点睛解析：选项都是与演讲相关的名词短语，可推知此题与演讲有关。听力原文提到what the american audiences expect is a natural and spontaneous delivery which...，说明美国听众想要听到的是比较自然的演讲形式，a、c和d项均未提及，选b。
  17. how to make things different if audience seldom resonates with speakers?
  答案：c) arrange an outline of ideas.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，听力原文中提到如果只是简单机械地读手稿，这样观众很少会产生共鸣，接着又说but things will be different if you turn to an outline of your ideas rather than a cut-and-dried text.由此可知，d项可以排除，解决这一问题的方法是组织一下自己的想法，a项文中并未提及，b项与问题无关，所以选c。
  18. what should be paid attention to when one makes an oral report?
  答案：d) the difference in language and style between speaking and writing.
  点睛解析：本题为逻辑推理题，听力原文中并没有明确提到做口头报告时需要注意什么，但是提到了the language and style you employ when making an oral report is quite different from the language and style you employ when writing. d项也是说“口头与书面语体的不同”。所以选d，a、b和c项在原文中并未提及。
  • passage two
  the assumption of controlling noise by means of making more noise may sound very absurd, as a matter of fact, that is what motor engineers are doing now. now it has been proved by automakers' research and development laboratories that mixing in more noise with the loudspeakers can help reduce the undesired noise.
  what is sound? sound is made up of pressure waves in the air. if two waves which are of the same frequency mix so that the highest point of one wave happens at the same time as the lowest point of another wave, then the result that comes out is no sound. hence we can kill the undesired noise by producing a good copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle. now many automakers are striving to get a head start and use this technique to develop the noise-killing systems both inside and outside the cars.
  another advantage of using the noise-killing system is that it can serve the need for a silencer. thus the weight of the car will be reduced and the motor will burn less oil and function much better as well, which turns out to be efficient and energy-saving.
  some engineers hold the belief that noise-killing systems will be applied to most cars in the very near future. but the automakers haven't made up their mind whether to put the noise-killing system into production as another several hundred dollars would be added to the cost of the cars.
  19. which way has been proved to reduce the undesired noise of cars?
  答案：d) to mix in more noise with the help of loudspeakers.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是已经经过证明的、有效减少汽车噪音的方法。听力原文中提到it has been proved by the automakers' research and development laboratories that mixing in more noise with the loudspeakers' help can reduce the undesired noise.由此可知d项符合题意，所以选d。
  20. what is another advantage of the noise-killing system?
  答案：c) make a car much lighter.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是减少噪音系统的另外一个优势。听力原文中提到another advantage of using noise-killing system is that it can save the need for a silencer.因此可以排除d项；接着thus the weight of the car will be reduced...，由此可知汽车重量减轻了，与c项表达的意思相符；...whether to put the noise-killing system into production as another several hundred dollars would be added to the cost of the cars.因此可以排除a项；b项为其主要作用，可以排除。所以选c。
  21. why has the noise-killing system not been put into production?
  答案：b) it will increase the cost of car production.
  点睛解析：本题问的是，减少噪音系统为什么仍未被投入生产。听力原文中提到but the automakers haven't made up their mind whether to put the noise-killing system into production as another several hundred dollars would be added to the cost of the cars.由此可知，原因是使用减少噪音系统会增加汽车的成本，所以选b。
  • passage three
  do you go to large supermarkets frequently? if the answer is yes, you must have noticed that almost everything in the supermarket is in a container. most food even including fresh meat is placed in containers. and the only food items which are not in containers should be fresh fruit and vegetables. actually, it is no exaggeration to say that almost everything there is in a box, a can, a bottle, a bag, a basket, a jar or a carton.
  it is necessary to adopt this kind of packaging system in large supermarkets. as large quantities of various products are bought from suppliers, they must be well protected during the transportation process. furthermore, the products have to sit on shelves for a very long period of time in most occasions. therefore, containers come into play. in terms of its function, containers have another important role to play. they can work as the carriers of information about each product which includes its names, weights, materials or ingredients, and sometimes pictures of the product. these kinds of information are usually printed on labels or directly on the containers.
  but there is one thing to think about a little. we basically can not see most of the things that we buy in the supermarket until we get back home and open the containers. we get used to looking at the labels on the containers when we go shopping. we have no choice, but to do so. if the container is made of transparent material such as glass or clear plastic, however, we can see a little bit of the product. but containers usually completely hide the products. and we shoppers must put our trust in the labels.
  22. which product in large supermarkets is not sold in containers?
  答案：c) fresh fruit.
  点睛解析：听力原文中提到and the only food items which are not in containers should be fresh fruit and vegetables.说明只有新鲜的水果和蔬菜是不需要包装的，所以选c。听到only一词应特别注意，这里可能就是出题点。
  23. which one is not the reason why supermarkets adopt the packaging system of containers?
  答案：d) it can create more economic profits.
  点睛解析：听力原文中第二段针对超市采取这一包装给出了这样做的必要理由，其中a、b、c项都有提到，d项并未提及，所以选d。
  24. which one is the function of containers?
  答案：c) to give information of products.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，问的是包装的功能。听力原文中提到in terms of its function, containers have another important role to play. they can work as the carriers of information about each product which includes its names, weights, materials or ingredients, and sometimes pictures of the product.与c选项表达的意思一致，所以选c。
  25. which one is the reason why we trust labels?
  答案：c) because we can hardly see the actual products.
  点睛解析：本题为细节考查题，听力原文中提到if the container is made of transparent material such as glass or clear plastic, however, we can see a little bit of the product.和but containers usually completely hide the products. and we shoppers must put our trust in the labels.由此分析得知，购物者相信标签的原因是，产品被包装包裹得很严实，即使是用玻璃或透明的塑料包装，我们也只能看到其中一小部分，因此很少能看到实物，所以选c。
  part iii reading comprehension
  © section a
  26. 答案：d) different
  点睛解析：空格后为名词behaviors，由此可知应选形容词。结合关键词males, females，以及上下文，尤其是下文中的these different behaviors，可以推断出男人和女人有着不同的行为，所以选d，表示“不同的”。
  27. 答案：j) structures
  点睛解析：空格后为并列连词and，后面又有名词activities，由此可以推断此处是与activities一词并列的名词，并可以与brain搭配，只有structures一词合适，所以选j，表示“构造，结构”。
  28. 答案：a) hitting
  点睛解析：空格前为介词in，而且后面还有and solving的结构，由此可以推断此处是及物动词的动名词形式，空格后是名词targets，与targets一词相搭配的动词只有hitting，说明男人比较善于击中目标。
  29. 答案：k) commonly
  点睛解析：空格前为主语men，空格后为谓语动词rely，由此可以推断出此处应选副词，作rely的状语。本句说明的是男人和女人在用脑方面的区别，因此equally不符合语境，而且...on the basis of a test...说明这种区别是经过实验证明的，并不是推测，因此排除possibly，选commonly“通常地”。
  30. 答案：n) evolved
  点睛解析：此处应选动词，并且根据ancient times确定用过去式，该动词作句中第一个that引导的宾语从句的谓语。本句要表达的意思是，男女用脑方式的差异是从远古时代发展而来的，由此可以推断evolved一词合适，意为“发展”。
  31. 答案：c) aim
  点睛解析：此处应选名词，作have的宾语。上文中提到cave men hunted，以及男人善于hitting targets，男人狩猎就要擅长瞄准目标，因此aim“目标”一词合适。
  32. 答案：m) equally
  点睛解析：此处应选副词，用来修饰形容词capable。根据语境，even though引导的从句应与主句表达相反的意思，结合句意，equally一词最为合适。
  33. 答案：b) location
  点睛解析：此处应选名词，根据下文中的their car in a parking lot以及find the car可以推断出应该是就停车场中汽车停放的位置进行了争论，因此选择location“位置”。
  34. 答案：h) depends
  点睛解析：此处应选可与介词on搭配使用的动词，而且还要体现第三人称单数的形式。本句中的and at the same time之前的分句表明男人通常依靠空间感，与此同时女人依靠辨认地标，各选项中表示“依靠”的词只有depends。
  35. 答案：g) outcome
  点睛解析：此处应选名词，根据上下文推断，本句要表达的意思是“结果是两人都找到了汽车”，在各选项中表示“结局，结果”的词是outcome。
  © section b
  36. 答案：i
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词dutton, project, aged physical evidence和coral samples可定位至i段。
  37. 答案：e
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词regional research, account for events with global implications可以定位至e段。
  38. 答案：m
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词the miami chapter of the southeastern florida compact和city plans on five-year cycles可以定位至m段。
  39. 答案：b
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词125,000 to 400,000 years ago, global mean sea levels, peaked at 20-30 feet above present rates可定位至b段。
  40. 答案：p
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词funding and organizing problem可以定位至p段的最后一句，其中challenging与该题干表述中的have difficulties意思相同。
  41. 答案：o
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词develop recommendations for zoning and construction和sea-level rise and storm surge可以定位至o段中的最后一句。
  42. 答案：h
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的归纳概括，根据关键词current temperatures, two to three degrees celsius和next century可定位至h段。
  43. 答案：d
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词four counties, in southeast florida以及formed a coalition可定位至d段。
  44. 答案：f
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词the collapse of the west antarctic ice sheet, global sea levels, up to 11 feet可以定位至f段。
  45. 答案：l
  点睛解析：此处是对文章细节的考查，根据关键词raymo，以及关键语句the idea of studying deep-time records has caught on within the climate-research community，可定位至l段。
  © section c
  • passage one
  46. 答案：b) lowers the academic performance
  点睛解析：将答案范围定位至第一段，其中提到competition between nearby schools does not mean significant improvement in academic standards，因此排除d项。in fact, the research report even reveals the opposite outcome; the test scores, however, may actually decline in places where there is fiercest competition.该表述与b项符合，所以选b。
  47. 答案：c) there are comparable schools with different educational qualities
  点睛解析：可将答案范围定位至第三段，其中段落末尾提到it is rare case that two nearby schools with several empty places are similar enough to be comparable yet different enough to be rankable. the fact is that where this happens can there be real competition.由此可知c项符合，所以选c。
  48. 答案：c) they spend much money on marketing.
  点睛解析：问的是大学为了提高竞争力采取了什么样的方法。文章第二段中提到大学花重金聘请营销经理，并用奖学金诱惑学生这两种形式，各选项中只有c项符合，所以选c。
  49. 答案：c) it is not necessary for schools to prove to be the best
  点睛解析：将答案范围定位至倒数第二段中的...to persuade students that their schools are of the best in the area. no schools could afford to do that properly, so it is to our relief that this research tells us we don't have to.其中we don't have to为承前省略，省略了their schools are of the best in the area，因此c项符合题意，所以选c。
  50.答案：b) he objects to the competition between nearby schools.
  点睛解析：本题问的是作者对学校间竞争所持的态度。文章指出这种竞争并没有提高学术水平或者建立起真正的市场，最后一段中还说没有时间进行竞争，把精力和时间花在教学上更加实际，由此推断作者持反对的态度，所以选b。
  • passage two
  51. 答案：d) how to distinguish people both inward and outward.
  点睛解析：本题为主旨大意题，文章从外表(face)和个性(personality)两方面着手来讨论如何区分不同的人，只有d项符合要求，是对这两方面进行了完整的概括总结，所以选d。
  52. 答案：a) a lot of words can be used to describe one's personality.
  点睛解析：根据题干把答案范围定位在第三段，文中提到while, compared with describing someone's face, describing his personality in words is a little bit easier in some degree.因此排除b项， 接着又说描述一个人的面貌时会遇到困难，但是描述人的个性时脑海中就会出现很多词，由此可知a项符合原文中的表达，c和d项并未提及，所以选a。
  53. 答案：d) classify
  点睛解析：本题为词义分析题，type一词所在的句子是结尾段的中心句，其词义可根据后面的句子来推断，其中提到在戏剧中区分“好人”和“坏人”，可以推测type有“分类，归类”的意思，只有classify贴近词义，所以选d。
  54. 答案：c) his appearance and behavior
  点睛解析：本题为分析推理题，根据题干中的关键词type定位至最后一段，其中最后一句提到by virtue of the differences in their appearance and actions，与c项中的表达相对应，所以选c。
  55. 答案：d) psychologist
  点睛解析：本题为分析推理题，文章主要讨论的话题是“如何对不同的人进行区分”，还出现了美国心理学家以及一些心理学相关词汇如act, feel, personality等，因此推断本文的作者很可能也是一位心理学家，所以选d。
  part iv translation
  参考译文
  kite originates from china. it has the reputation of the forerunner of modern aeroplane. the appearance and application of kite has made great contribution to the development of science and technology as well as to the production of aeroplanes. the first airplane in the world was just shaped after the kite. the earliest kite in china was made of wood, and the history of which can date back to the warring states period, which is almost two millennia far from now. kites began to be made of new material after the invention of paper. kites in early stage were mainly used in military. historical data records that the kites were in very large size then and even large enough to take people up to the sky to observe enemy movements.